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AP Biology practice Practice for AP Biology with questions on evolution, genetics, cells, and ecology.
13 original sample questions with answers and explanations. This is a short practice set, not a full exam or an official past paper.
1. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of aquatic organisms to survive in frozen ponds? High specific heat Ice being less dense than liquid water Cohesion Universal solvent properties
2. The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as having: A rigid structure of tightly packed lipids Carbohydrates as the primary structural component Proteins embedded in a fluid phospholipid bilayer A single layer of phospholipids
3. During cellular respiration, the electron transport chain is located in the: Inner mitochondrial membrane Cytoplasm Mitochondrial matrix Outer mitochondrial membrane
4. A signal transduction pathway typically begins with: Gene transcription Cell division Protein degradation A ligand binding to a receptor
5. In a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa × Aa), what is the expected phenotypic ratio if A is completely dominant? 3:1 1:1 1:2:1 9:3:3:1
6. Which process directly converts the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into an amino acid sequence? Replication Translation Transcription Reverse transcription
7. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be used to determine whether evolution is occurring. Which condition would disrupt this equilibrium? Random mating Very large population size No mutation Natural selection favoring one phenotype
8. In an ecosystem, what role do decomposers play? They convert solar energy into chemical energy They are primary consumers They recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter They are top predators
9. What is the function of the lac operon in E. coli? To produce lactose when glucose is present To regulate genes needed for lactose metabolism To replicate DNA To synthesize lipids
10. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated as free-living prokaryotes. Which evidence supports this endosymbiotic theory? They lack ribosomes They are enclosed by a single membrane They are found only in animal cells They have their own circular DNA and divide independently
11. Which type of reproductive isolation occurs when two species mate at different times of year? Temporal isolation Behavioral isolation Mechanical isolation Gametic isolation
12. A researcher observes that adding a specific enzyme inhibitor decreases the rate of a metabolic reaction. This inhibitor most likely: Increases the activation energy of the reaction Increases substrate concentration Binds to the enzyme and reduces its activity Raises the temperature of the reaction
13. In the carbon cycle, carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily through: Photosynthesis Nitrogen fixation Cellular respiration and decomposition Transpiration
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